Aims and Objectives for Teaching and Learning Essay

The successful teacher is the armed teacher. Lessons’ plans and repertoire of activities are our arms. In order to achieve genuine communication in the classroom, every lesson should be wisely planned and perfectly provided having balanced variety of activities. The teacher of ESOL must manage the class involving all the students all the time to make them active learners. First of all, the teacher is to create a comfortable atmosphere in the classroom according to TESOL general principles. They are: 1. â€Å"Look after your students. 2. Be a caring person. 3. Raise students’ self-esteem. 4. Give deserved praise. 5. Be yourself.† Every lesson should start with friendly chatting with students in a natural way to give them the opportunity to act in real life and to show them the teacher interest. E.g. Ask them about last weekend at the week beginning. It is absolutely important to pronounce the students names correctly. When having difficulties, we may involve the students in learning their names asking them to explain the name meaning and to correct our pronunciation. Paying attention to every student is a clue to a genuine communication. So, we are to look at all the students in the class. The caring teacher moves around the class as a ‘prowling lion’ to make the students feel encouraged, and changes their focus at the moment the subject of learning is changing. E.g. When talking about nature, move to the window and ask some student to describe the sky, another student to talk about the trees behind the window, and so on. We must care about the seating model of the classroom. Facing with standard rows we need to rearrange the furniture to circle or semi-circle/horseshoe to create the most comfortable communication. If rearranging is impossible the teacher may ask the students to walk around the class to find partners for pair/group work. Also, we can make groups asking one pair to turn round to another pair when seating in rows. We may see the separate tables for groups in some schools. This model is also appropriate as allows the teacher to move around the class prompting and explaining something to the table groups. The furniture arrangement may be dynamic, changing every lesson according to the activities. As to a groupwork, it is one of the best techniques of involving the students into communication. The preferred number of students for the group is five to have the opportunity to of major view because of an odd number. The group of five students is big enough to participate in communicative activities (e.g. role-plays, information/opinion gaps and collaborative work), and small enough for effective interaction. However, we may divide the students into smaller or bigger groups, pairs, and teams according to the activities. When organizing a pairwork/groupwork we should take into account some aspects: †¢ friendship. People in the group are to be pleasant to each other. We can make it clear asking the students to write the confidential lists of their preferences and dislikes; †¢ nationality. Teaching multi-lingual classes we shouldn’t put into groups the students of the same nationality to avoid the using of the mother tongue. †¢ streaming. Weak and strong students are to be mixed in pairs and groups to make cooperative work to be effective and helpful. †¢ gender and status. According to some contexts, we can’t put men and women into one group. Also, teaching business English, we should know the status of our students to be sure in the appropriateness of putting people together. We must always remember about L.T.T.T. as we want to achieve genuine communication. The more students speak, the more they learn how to do it. So, we should decrease our talking to increase the talking of our students. E.g. Explaining the grammar involve the students asking them for their examples of the point. Using the white/black board we must write clearly. It’s possible to print something if keeping a board in order is difficult. The white/black board is quite appropriate instrument for various activities as table filling, games, errors’ correction, etc. Encouragement is the cornerstone of communication in class. ‘No!† may discourage everyone. That’s why we should use the more kind intonation as ‘No, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Frequent use of ‘good’ is also appropriate, as in ‘Good, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Giving a puzzled expression to encourage a student to reformulate the sentence is good practice to keep high level of motivation to communicate. Grammar terminology needs to be minimized as it possible. Bur the teacher must know the grammar to keep the credibility. Encouraging students to learn English outside the classroom develops their receptive and productive skills. As for extensive listening, we can find various authentic materials on the Internet. E.g. news reports, radio podcasts, TEFL listening materials, TV shows, songs, etc. To develop the extensive reading we can build up a library of suitable books in our SAC. We can create the website to involve students in writing their blogs for informal communication. And we can go outside the classroom for speaking in an informal environment. Agency gives students the opportunity to make some decisions about the learning process and keeps them encouraged. Learning journals brings much sense helping the students to communicate freely and creating the dialogue between teacher and student. Questions are very popular in a communicative approach. But we should remember some rules: †¢ don’t address the question to keep the attention; †¢ use ‘wait time’ to encourage; †¢ don’t ask students in fixed order, be unpredictable; †¢ ask everyone equally. Two types of questions, i.e. closed and open-ended, help to activate students’ mind in various ways. The open question is appropriate for the lesson starting to focus the students’ attention on the topic. To manage the students successfully we must differentiate their work according to the abilities by task, by support, or my homework. We must be armed at all points to manage interruptions. For example, to have extra copies of textbooks, pencils, and rubbers in the case they may be forgotten; don’t wait for coming-late people; give an extra explanation for lost-on-point students; deal with personal problems outside class time. To help students to process information we should use a VAK presentation that allows different types of learners to accept the point using their best way, i.e visual, auditory or kinesthetic. Creating the successful classroom let us avoid the problem behavior of the students. Engaged and successful students with raised self-esteem have no t ime and purpose to behave badly.

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas: Before the Dark Hour

A quote from the boy in the striped pyjamas â€Å"Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, before the dark hour of reason grows. † This quote states that when you are a kid you do not know much about reason or understand sarcasm and things like that and so the other part of the quote means that instead of reason a child understands only what they see for themselves of what people have told them. This quote is not appropriate for the film because in the film Bruno goes and see a film clip made by the Germans as a joke.And even after seeing it, all the men in the room are laughing about it he still did not understand what was actually going on. So this quote is not appropriate because as the quote says, â€Å"childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights,† and Bruno is not the only child in the movie. Bruno’s sister is only a little bit older than him and she believes everything completely. This quote is inappropriate for this film bec ause the quote says, â€Å"Before the dark hour of reason grows† and in the film when Bruno and Gretel got the tutor, it was hard to see that Gretel is older than him and she got brainwashed.To see a kid who is younger than her not get brainwashed even though the quote says that before the dark hour of reason grows, showing that this quote is inappropriate. This quote fits nicely for the film because the film is about a child who is gullible and thinks that everything that he is told or has seen is true hands down until proven otherwise. So the film is good because he does not understand reason and because he only understands what he experiences over what is logical and obviously right to someone older like his sister.This quote is appropriate for the film because at the end of the quote it says â€Å"before the dark hour of reason grows. † That part of the film is very fitting because all of the adults even the big sister who is only a bit older than Bruno knows the t ruth about the ‘farm. ’ At the end of the film when the adults come looking for Bruno, Mother tries not to listen to reason that something has happened to Bruno that would result in the end of his life. So that is the part of the film that most fits the end of the quote that I mentioned. Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, before the dark hour of reason grows. † When you think about the quote and look at the points for and against it being appropriate there are more valid reasons for the quote to be considered a good fit for the film. I personally think that he quote is fitting for the film because when you watch the movie and then read the quote you can see all of the similarities between the movie and the quote. By Emma Fletcher

VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP TO TOWRAPOINT NATURE RESERVE/BO Essays

VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP TO TOWRAPOINT NATURE RESERVE/BOTANY BAY 1Identify the various plans and animals that occupy this ecosystem.Wading birds, bitou bush, lantana, snakes, crab, river and grey mangroves, salt marsh, algae, small fish, mud whelk.Describe how the abundance of mangrove seedling is measured.The abundance of mangrove seedlings is measured by using the quadrat method. Several set areas of land are randomly marked out, the amount of seedling in each area is counted and averaged. This is then multiplied by the total study area divided by the individual quadrat areaDescribe the distribution of mangrove species.River mangroves prefer to grow in sandy more sediment areas in small clumps, while grey mangroves prefer muddy areas and grow further apart.Identify the producers, consumers and decomposers.Plants like mangroves and salt marsh as well as detritus (mostly dead plants) are producersAnimals like foxes, birds and fish are consumersWhile smaller fish, crabs alga and fungi are decomposersGive examples if any ofa) predator/preyb) mutuali smc) commensalismd) parasitisme) allelopathy(a) birds prey on fish (b) lichen growing on mangrove tree (c) oysters andmangroves (d) mistletoe growing on mangrove bark (e) some fungi stunt thegrowth of other plants 7AdaptationList conditions found in mangrove ecosystem which makes colonization difficult.Little sunlight on floor, very wet, varying salinity.Identify and describe in detail.Mangrove: roots provide structural support in soft soil, also allows oxygen in though the surface.Ibis: lack of feathers on neck to reduce water logging, long beak to probe into mud, long toes to balance on mud.Grey mangrove: taller to reach out of canopy and get more sunlight for photosynthesis.River mangrove: leaves can regulate salinity, and turn in high heat to reduce water loss though evaporation. 8Human impact- Discuss at least three human impacts on this ecosystem. (include a positive one as well). Invasive introduced plants are affecting native plants at towra point. Plants like lantana and bitou bush take up space and steal resources from native plants ever since being introduced in the 1860s, introduced feral animals like foxes and rabbits pose a threat to native species. They eat native birds and other wildlife as well as causing erosion to the soil through burrowing. Many conservation programs are in place to reduce coastal erosion, regenerate habitat and kill non-native species.

Nursing and Self-Care Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 41

Nursing and Self-Care Management - Case Study Example The hands are to be washed and before doing anything to the patient it is vital to explain to Mrs Smith whatever action about to be performed. I will enquire medical records of in a bid to establish the medical history of the patient as well as her feelings and perception towards the recent diagnosis. Finally, it will also be vital to enquire if there is any information that may be of great help towards the determination of the ailment as well as any leading factors that may have contributed to the patient’s latest predicaments (Paraska, 2012). Mrs Smith previous history indicated that she had been diagnosed with Osteoarthritis and lately congestive heart failure. Osteoarthritis is a condition that affects the joints of the human body. Normally the joints are cushioned with a cartilage that prevents friction between the joint bones during motion. However, when the cartilage deteriorates these bones rub on each other resulting in painful inflammation. The condition is common in women and children with the grossly affected age being the age of 40 to 60 years. Its characteristic symptoms are morning stiffness, pains at the joints, swell at the affected joints and reduced activities. Conversely, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a condition characterised by loss of or shortness of breath, fatigue, and reduced activities. This is due to the heart fails to supply oxygen and nutrients to other organs or to all parts of the body (Fawcett & Madeya, 2013). The self-care management goal that is related to the above-discussed ailments is by examining Mrs Smith’s lifestyle and giving appropriate advice on the need to readjust her lifestyle.In most cases, individual lifestyle is always the causative factors that lead to arthritis. This can be due to remedied through regular exercising, maintenance of proper diet, proper sleep and others (Williams & Hopper, 2011). The intervention strategies that can be employed in the above-mentioned cases factoring her age is by advising her to try to maintain a healthy lifestyle by continuously getting involved in light activities, ensuring that she adheres her eating habits to proper dieting.

Evaluation essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation - Essay Example The movie drew numerous reactions from Americans. For some Americans, the movie exposed what has been happening in the health care system denying the Americans the level of health care they deserve. For others, the movie is, but an exaggeration of the existing drawbacks in the health care system. A close analysis of the movie reveals that Moore addresses critical issues that need attention if the health care system is to be improved. This paper will highlight how Moore successfully exposes the frauds and the scandals in the health care system. A documentary that seeks to make a revelation of an existing failed system should present facts and accurate statistics. It is wrong to make false accusations that lack evidence of proving the claims. This is what is expected in Moore’s film. For it to qualify as a successful documentary, it is critical to analyze whether Moore uses facts and provides evidence for all the claims that he makes. In addition, the claims made by a documentary should be compelling and strong enough to influence policymaking. This is the reason why producers should look for substantial evidence that can influence policy making in the end. The purpose of the documentary should remain evident and the producer should stay from propaganda. The integration of the producer’s opinion with voices from people considered as an authority in a specific field serves to validate the claims made in the film (Moore). Moore’s film can be analyzed based on these criteria in an effort to ascertain that he succeeds in making a documentary that exposes the failure of the health care systems. Evidently, Michael Moore presents facts in his film. He uses statistics to explain the percentage of Americans who lack insurance. He also highlights that over 45 million Americans have insurance covers that prove inadequate when they need medical care

Evaluating an International Human Resource Strategy (Obb) Essay

Evaluating an International Human Resource Strategy (Obb) - Essay Example The report has been concluded along with certain recommendations that might prove to be effective for the company in the future context. The face of business has changed considerably over the last few decades owing to the advancement of technology and the aspect of globalisation that has shortened national and international barriers of business. Furthermore, the rise of competition in the global business scenario also worked towards the changing the nature of the business world altogether. These aspects further give rise to the need for companies to develop strategies to make a mark for themselves amid the potential customers and gain a competitive edge over the major competitors (Ivanko, 2013). There are various functions of any business that integrate together and form the foundation for conducting business in an effective and efficient manner altogether. Among the various functions that are associated with the operations of any business, the functions of human resource management are deemed to be quite vital. The human resource department of any business is directly responsible to deal with the various issues as w ell as operations that are relevant to human resource of the business. The role of an HR manager is deemed to be quite prominent with regard to modern day business operations and it is prevalent in every domain of the business (Martin, 2008). This particular report will mainly focus on evaluating a human resource strategy of an international organisation i.e. H&M. The report will primarily highlight the strategy of the company with regard to entering a new market through conducting joint venture with a particular company. The company that will be considered for joint venture in this report will be Cia Hering of Brazil. H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB is one of the foremost companies, which is operating in the retail clothing sector

Chemistry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chemistry - Assignment Example Question 1: En=-(13.6eV*z ²)/n ², because z=4 it can be written as En=-16*13.6eV / n ² ii) the dependence of quatum numbers n upon l is given by the following formula l=n-1 ÃŽ £2(2*l+1)=2* n ² iii) n=2 for beryllium, so l=1 and can not be 3 d) iii) energy emitted by photon: |Einf- E2|= 0+54.4eV=54.4 eV= 54.4*1.6*10^-19 [J]=8,7*10^-18 [J] 8,7*10^-18 [J] now we should express photon’s frequency from it’ energy: E=h*f => f=E/h f= 8,7*10^-18 [J]/6.63*10^-34 [J*s]=1.31*10^16 [1/s] 1.31*10^16 Hz is ultraviolet spectrum iv) the energy of the lowest energy photon which can be absorbed by beryllium ion is: E2-E1=-54.4eV+217.6=163.2 eV v) it could absorb a photon of a lower energy if its electron was on a higher energetic level i) E1=-16*13.6eV / 1=-217.6eV E2=-16*13.6eV / 4= -54.4eV E3=-16*13.6eV / 9 = -3.067eV Eoo=-16*13.6eV/inf = 0 Question 3 - because ΔH>0 (=29kJ) reaction is endothermic; - I2+Cl2 =2ICL (-29kJ) ΔH=2ΔHICL-ΔHCl2-ΔHI2; - equilibrium will not change as the number of molecules in the left part of the equation equals to the number of molecules in the right part of the equation: I2+Cl2 =2ICL 1+ 1=2 - because it’s endothermic reaction the increase of temperature will cause the shift of equilibrium to the right (forming of ICl); - the reaction will pass faster with the following rate lg (k^(T2/T1)) where k is the reaction rate coefficient; - the presence of catalyst will cause the reaction rate to increase, the equilibrium will cause the shift to the right (forming of ICl) as catalyst mainly reduces activation energy.

World of Work Silver - Organisational Awareness Coursework

World of Work Silver - Organisational Awareness - Coursework Example 8). Today, Jaguar cars are designed by Jaguar Land Rover engineering center in Coventry, at the Whitney plant. The cars are then manufactured in Birmingham at Castle Bromwich assembly plant. Other manufacturing takes place at the Solihull plant (Salama, 2012, p. 10). Jaguar Land Rover is the largest automotive manufacturing business in the United Kingdom. The business is built around two main British car brands. These brands are Land Rover and Jaguar. Land Rover leads on the line of manufacturing premium all-wheel drive cars. For Jaguar, it is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of premier sports cars marques and luxury sports saloon cars. Jaguar Land Rover has greatly transformed the business under the ownership of Tata Motors Limited. It has transformed the business in order to achieve the full ability of its classy brands and realize profitable results. What drives this business is a world-class comprising of about 26,000 people worldwide. In addition, the business supports more 190,000 jobs in the United Kingdom through dealer network, supply chain and a wider economy (Denton, 2012, p. 18). All cars produced by this company are designed and engineered in the United Kingdom. Even though the business has plans of expanding globally, the business’ heart remains in the United Kingdom. The business has invested billions of pounds in research, development facilities and its state of the art production. In fact, in the manufacturing sector, Jaguar Land Rover has made the highest investment in R&D. It therefore means it is ahead of Rolls-Royce and British Aerospace. With this kind of investment, along with the on-going efforts to encourage local communities encourage people seek jobs related to engineering; the business has been awarded as the responsible business of the year. Jaguar Land Rover takes great pride in this recognition and more so the award. Jaguar Land Rover has greatly benefited from its international expansion. This company has a

The role and function of the declaratory and constitutive theories of Essay

The role and function of the declaratory and constitutive theories of state recognition, in the international community, and having regard to the distinction be - Essay Example States are the most important â€Å"components of the international legal system†.2 In this regard, the 1933 Montevideo Convention provides a legal framework in international law for the necessary conditions for the acquisition of statehood3. The practice of customary international law and relations however, demonstrate that the institution of state recognition has an important role to play in the formation and acceptance of new entities calling themselves states. State recognition is also closely tied to the acceptance or refusal to accept what is essentially an unconstitutional change of government. While this aspect of statehood is not as important as state recognition, it nonetheless produces a series of consequences under international law, particularly the establishment of diplomatic relations and international personality. Unfortunately, the institution of state recognition is not firmly settled in international law. As a result, theoreticians and practitioners have developed two competing theories directly applicable to the institution of state recognition and its legal effect on statehood. These theories are known as the constitutive and declaratory theories and neither are capable of practical application in their pure form. The manner and degree to which each of these theories can be applied largely depends of extralegal factors. The result is, the international legal regime with respect to the conditions necessary for obtaining statehood is uncertain, unclear and unpredictable. Inevitably the aims and objectives of international law, which are to create a reliable and consistent body of law, is compromised. It is important to point out however, that international law is a relatively young and inconsistent body of law in which customary norms are not historical, but rather the actual source of law-making and for this reason, the practice is of far greater significance than in

Deciding Right from Wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Deciding Right from Wrong - Essay Example However, even after thousands of years, we are still unable to make universal principles with respect to rights and wrongs. The rights of some people are the wrongs of the other people. For example, keeping more than one wife is a sin or a wrong thing for Christians whereas Muslims find nothing wrong in it. Based on individual perceptions, many scholars and philosophers tried to segregate between the rights and wrongs with the help of some ethical theories. This paper briefly analyses the rights and wrongs with the help of some ethical theories formulated by some eminent scholars and philosophers. â€Å"The concepts of ethics fall into two main categories; notions having to do with morality, virtue, rationality, and other ideals or standards of conduct and motivation; notions pertaining to human good or well-being and the "good life" generally† (Slote, n.d, p.2). Killing of enemies in a war is perceived as a right thing even though killing of innocent people are perceived as a wrong thing. Moreover, capital punishment is accepted as a morally right thing by many countries whereas some other countries reject capital punishment, purely on moral grounds. In other words, some people believe that killing of an antisocial element is good for the rest of the people in the society and hence such killing should be made legal, considering the future wellbeing of the other people. Most of the countries give capital punishments to terrorists because of the above notion. However, some people are of the view that taking the life of another person cannot be justified under any circumstances because of the immense value associated with human life. In their opinion, we are only creations and only the creator has the authority to make any modifications on our lives. Moreover, killing of criminals will deny them the opportunity to correct themselves. Some of the Muslims have the belief that killing of enemies of their religion is a sacred act. In short, killing of people i s justified under some circumstances by some people whereas others object it under any circumstances. In other words, moral theories associated with killing of other people are widely differing in different places. â€Å"The categorical imperative of Immanuel Kant, tells us that we may not use or mistreat other people as a means either to our own happiness or to that of other people† (Slote, n.d, p.2). Moreover, Kant argued that "Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law"(Categorical Imperative, n.d). Kant believed that the moral principles were applicable universally. In his opinion, it is impossible to have a moral principle right at some places and wrong at other places. Nobody knows from where we come and where we go after death. As per Kantian theory, human being has a special role in the creations and hence moral principles with respect to human cannot be applied to other living things. However Kant strongly criticized the segregation of good and evil based on the personal beliefs or the religious beliefs. In his opinion,"Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end†(Categorical Imperative, n. d.) â€Å"Utilitarian consequentialists regard pleasure or the satisfaction of desire as the sole, intrinsic human good, and pain or dissatisfaction as the sole,

Explain the principle psychological perspective Essay Example for Free

Explain the principle psychological perspective Essay Behaviourist A perspective means a way of seeing things. Behaviourist is the first approach in this criterion. Behaviourist is the study of human minds, they study behaviour. The behaviourist sees the brain as a black box, this is because as they study animals it is easy to experiment, and they think that humans and animals are similar. The behaviourist wanted to become scientist, which is why they carried out the experiment. Although JB Watson (1887) was the founder of this theorist he studied the work of Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936). Pavlov did an experiment once on a dog. The dog salivated every time Pavlov came to the lab with the food. The dog then started associating the time, the bell and the brown coat. This kind of association is called classic conditioning. JB Watson also once experimented on a little boy called Albert. JB Watson taught Albert to have fear of the rats. Albert had a white fluffy rabbit. One day a white rat came pass Albert, but Albert did not seem to be frightened. JB Watson stood behind Albert’s back with metals. Every time the rat went pass JB banged the metals and Albert was startled, JB did this couple of times until Albert was scared of the rat, however Albert was not only scared of the white rat, it was also scared of his white fluffy rabbit as them to animals has the same colour. BF Skinner was also another behaviourist theorist, he did an experiment on a rat in a cage, he put some food on the food pallet for the rat, the rat accidently put its foot on the lever and food cam e out. So the rat did this few time and knew that if the rat puts the foot on the lever food would come out, this type of experiment was positive reinforcement. On the opposite Skinner experimented on the negative reinforcement. Skinner investigated this by giving the rat a small electric shock whenever it pressed the lever. The consequence of lever pressing was experienced as unpleasant, so the rat learnt to stop pressing the lever. Psycho dynamic Freud ( 1856-1939) and Erikson(1902-194) are two men who came up with the psycho dynamic theory. Freud said that we humans are like animals driven by basic biological natures. He came up with the psyche idea. He said that the psyche idea had three stages, ID means the basic animal instinct, for example, eating sleeping and reproducing, SUPER EGO means morality and EGO means reality and logic. It is said that Freud was the earliest thinkers to bring public attention the idea that us humans are not always aware of some aspects in our lives. He believed that we lock up memories that we do not want to remember or feeling that we do not want to expose somewhere in our brains. He referred consciousness to a tip of an iceberg. He referred pre consciousness at the middle of the ice berg and he also referred unconsciousness as at the bottom of the iceberg. He also came up with defence mechanisms. He knew that when people do not want to remember things, they want to deny it. This mechanism has five stages. Denial is when a person reject the thought or feeling, repression is when we push down the bad memories to the unconsciousness however it could leak at some points. Projection is when a person pushes the social unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else. Rationalisation means making excuses and lastly sublimation is putting all the energies onto something else. Freud also came up with the early experience; he came up with this idea which has five stages. Oral means mouth, anal means anus, phallic is a Latin word for penis, latent which means resting and genital which means private parts. Erikson agrees with Freud however he thought that this continues throughout our life time and were essentially social in nature. Social Learning Theory The theorist of social learning theory is bandura. He is said to be sympathetic towards behaviourist. Although bandura does not criticize, he tells the behaviourist to build up to it. Bandura agrees with the positive reinforcement. Albert bandura said that leaning takes place in social situations, such as in the family or with friends and other people. How Skinner came up with positive reinforcement, Albert came up with vicarious reinforcement, this means when people observe and get affected. For example, Barbara is good to her mother and the father praises her, her sister is observing it but she gets affected by how she is getting treated by her parents, Barbara’s sister was vicariously reinforced. The other idea bandura came up with was role model and modelling. The people we learn from are our role model but the process of imitating the person is called modelling. Modelling has five stages, attention, which is when a person is attracted to a celebrity or a person they reall y like. Retention is when the person is keeping the likeness inside them, reproduction is when he person copies the behaviour, motivation is when the person is tempted to do what the celebrity does and lastly self efficacy is when the person is confident in one area. It is said that we do not imitate all behaviour we observe and remember. Humanistic This approach has been found by two theorist called Carl Rogers (1902-1987) and Abraham Maslow. Carl Rogers (1902-1087) theory is based on clinic and it is also based on the years he has been dealing with different clients with different problems. Rogers sees people as good and he thinks that â€Å"good mental health is a natural progression of human development†. This quote shows that he is stating that human being instinctively know what is bad and what is not. Rogers came up with an idea of an actualisation theory. This is the natural motivation that every human being has. For example, we as human beings try to do very risky things, such as flying to the moon. Some of our hobbies is to create music and paint pictures, we do all because we want to be the best we can, achieve and become successful in the future. He also came up with the idea of unconditional positive regard; he said that this is when people like you, because of who you are regardless of your performances and conformity. The opposite of this is conditional positive regard, which simply explains when someone likes you if their expectations are fulfilled. In other words, Rogers believed that some of the people feel wanted and belonged when they fulfilled other people’s expectations and that is when they develop conditional self regard. Cognitive Approach Cognitive approach is found by three theorist, Jean Piaget, Kelly and beck/Ellis. With the invention of computers and other aids brain activities was like the operation of a computer. Loads of researches have been devoted to understand the process of cognitive, such as attention, memory information processing and problem solving. Jean Piaget came up with an idea related to how people develop throughout their lives. He came to a conclusion that cognition develops through a series of stages. There are four stages that Piaget has mentioned in the theory. The first stage is called the sensory motor, it means that babies from 0 to 2 are experiencing through motor and the sense. stage 2 is the pre operational, this is when children from 2 to 7 develop languages along with the memory, stage 3 is the concrete operational which means that the child can now understand conservations but cannot solve problems yet. The last stage is the formal stage, this is when the children can abstract thought s and present problems of their own and other people. Biological Approach The theorist of this theory is called Arnold Gessel (1880-1961), Gessel came up with the idea is that people are born with a set of genes and the genes carries different personalities, so the theorist is stating that behaviour does not to do with environment and what can of people you socialise with but it is to do with the genes the person is born with. This is quite different to the humanistic approach where the effectiveness of nurture is paramount. Gessel believes that as the baby is being formed in the womb of the mother, for example, the heart being first to form. As the child develops the genes allows to flower over the person. The theorist came up with the genetic influences on behaviour idea. He thinks that genes effect behaviour in many ways, some illnesses such as Huntingdons disease is caused by the genes caused by the parents genes or the genes from the family. This disorder will change the person’s behaviour, for example, they will speak in appropriately and they will become aggressive.

Do Animals Have Language Essay Example for Free

Do Animals Have Language Essay Language is the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way(1) Language is humanitys way of communicating with each other, there are over 6,500 different languages spoken around the world. Every language is communicated by two or more people. Every person can have a combination of languages. It all depends on what that person chooses to do. Some individuals believe that there is no communication without language. But many like myself, beg to differ. As I believe there are numerous ways to communicate, whether it is by speech, symbols or sound. A few might argue that speech and sound are the same thing, to me they are completely different. Yes we need to make sounds that represent the letter that make up the word, but in some languages the sounds are the words. For example the Xhosa language; spoken by approximately 7.9 million people of the South African population, it is a tonal language. I believe that animals communicate using the same technique. I see that certain animals have a specific sound for their specie. For example a dogs bark, a cats meow, and the whales songs. They are all a series of sounds, to each other they are understood. Upon being put in the right sequence they convey the message to the other members of that specie. It is a language they use, that we cannot comprehend. The languages present here in Earth are very detailed and elaborate, because humans have a very complex life, they need a lot of words to make sense of it. Animals live very simple lives, needing to communicate when in danger, or directing others. That is why their languages are probably much more simpler than ours. Other animals communicate through dance, and movements. I consider this a language of its own, as these dances create symbols, and symbols are a language. This is still considered using language as a method of communication. So yes, I do believe animals have a language, through sounds. Although those language are most likely very simple, they are their way of communicating with each other. (1):http://www.google.com.sa/search?hl=ensafe=activesa=Xbiw=1280bih=596q=languagetbs=dfn:1tbo=uei=TbpMUMmDL4fvsgbWsYC4BAved=0CB0QkQ4

Characteristics That Define Community Base Tourism

Characteristics That Define Community Base Tourism In any widely developed, competitive market, like ours, quality service delivery of a consistent and superb hospitality separates business that do well from those who struggles to keep their head above the waters. Quality service is about personalized connection. Its about how people feel after theyve purchased from you or spend days of their lives in your care whether is on a vacation or a business trip. Its about the closely developed bonds, the stunning relationships and the extra-ordinary and positive feelings between the team and the customers. Hiring the most exceptional individuals who understand this concept and delivering it naturally on a daily basis. Product or name aside, it is widely believed that service and hospitality accounts for seventy five (75%) of what is actually sold. Companies are therefore empowered to engage their teams driving them to understand both and responsibly delivering them at the highest possible standard. Hospitality industry is one of the service sectors, with relatively high level of customer contact. The higher the level of customer contacts the more numerous and higher the growth of the organization, quality services include but not limited to: Benefits Under-promise and over-deliver, this by all means should be the ultimate goal for every successful company in the hospitality sector, being attentive and passionate about their customer needs. Once a customers needs are satisfied, you automatically build the foundation and establish a relationship based on sincere trust and devoted loyalty. Collectively contributing to customers loyalty and hence retention which is integral for success and sustained growth in this industry. Feedback Always remain open to suggestions. Understanding what exactly your customers expect and desire from you. Placing a suggestion box in your reception area, cafà ©, air travel or tourism office so you can garner feedback from your customers. Furthermore, dont just gather customer recommendations, but expeditiously act upon them showing that you really care and appreciate their business and value their opinion. It is very essential to understand the importance of quality customer service in hospitality in order to make a positive difference to the business through active listening, learning and implementation. Prompt Service Providing the best service is only the first step, providing it above and beyond the required pace is most essential in achieving a desired goal. Not being fast enough may cause you to lose an important customer and several other referrals. Keep in mind that if your customer is not satisfied, he will knock on other doors until someone else will, constantly learning how to innovate, meeting high expectations and providing excellent service. Customers should be the center of your universe and your services should be designed and tailored to meet their needs. Convenience Both the hospitality and other service related industries thrives on convenience. If customers convenience is missing, this essential ingredient, your business wont last long unless numerous changes demonstrate your commitment to customer satisfaction. Service and hospitality industries were predominantly built to offer the basics of convenience to customers. Knowing that today the industry is expanding and the competition is rapidly expanding, hotel conglomerates are getting more and more innovative, thinking of various means to achieve highest possible standards in convenience offerings. Value Customer needs to be treated with priority no questions asked, and he should see superb value in the services received. Once a customer strongly believes he is getting a great value for the money he is paying, he will in no doubt keep coming back. On the contrary, dissatisfaction with your service will make him turn back and look for value offerings from your competition and paint a daunting picture of your business with his friends and associates. Without these essential tools and services no industry especially in the hospitality sector will survive and stay afloat. Community Based Tourism Community based tourism is tourism in which local residents  (often rural, poor and economically marginalized)  invite tourists to visit their communities with the provision of overnight accommodation. A community by definition implies individuals with some kind of collective responsibility, and the ability to make decisions by representative bodies. Community based tourism (CTB) enables travelers and tourists alike to discover local habitats, wildlife while celebrating and respecting traditional native cultures, rituals and norms. Communities will be fully aware of commercial along with social values placed on their natural and cultural heritage through community based tourism, hence fostering conservation and preservation of these resources. Nature lovers can visit naturally preserved areas accompanied by a local guide who explains traditional uses of the various plants and local forest lore, transmitting not just information but experience. CTB distinctively provides an excellent alternative to community development thats previously not sustained, giving both rural and urban communities an additional source of much needed income. In supporting community-based tourism, one can immerse themselves in the day-to-day living of the local and indigenous community members while helping to preserve their environment and rich cultural heritage. Community Based Tourism is normally a jointly planned and managed tourism activity of local groups: this new business never can be the main or only income source of the communities and cooperatives but can be an additional income possibility for locals while effectively reducing the impact on the environment. Characteristics that define community base tourism are: Seeks to integrate natural beauty and the daily life of communities. It promotes productive and sustainable practices It adapts itself to the dynamics of rural life making it more welcoming and relaxed. Is sustained by local initiative and participation, strengthening local organizations, which are made up of a wide cross section of families or of the community in general. Fosters participation of the locals in the economic activity, distributing the benefits evenhandedly, while supplementing income obtained by farming. Encourages land ownership by the local population. Local culture passed on to the next generation Build community management organization Environmental Encourage respect for different cultures Development in response to the community needs A percentage of profits from tourism is contributed to a community fund for economic and social development of the community Fostering a shared learning process between hosts and guests A local with organization or mechanism exists to manage tourism with the ability to link tourism and community development Benefits are fairly distributed to all. Educating and building understanding of diverse cultures and ways of life. Raising awareness of natural and cultural conservative among tourists and the local community Stimulated by the sight of tourists and increasing support from government offices and local business operators, development agencies along with non-governmental organizations (NGOs), communities are fast developing the infrastructure and services required for sustainable CBT. Rural community tourism in  Jamaica for example, is a showcase of conservation of large tracts of virgin rainforest, reforestation work and organic agriculture as now been explored by the cockpit country and also a showcase of the rich musical heritage and colonial occupation when we were once enslaved, Travelers support these work through their visits and purchases of memorabilias available on location. WHAT TRAVELERS CAN DO Successful community tourism is mutually beneficial for the communities and for the travelers. The big question is where to go? As some communities do have their negative side that spruce its ugly head every now and then. UNDERSTANDING FAILURE Community based tourism is not always successful; we could begin to look at these failures as pathways to great success. Rural community base tourism takes place in already marginalized areas. Created with great intentions, community-based tourism projects and activities are generally abandoned when political pressures arise, jealousies deeply intensify or the heralded ecotourism dont arrive. Many developers talk of integrating communities into tourism, but they rarely visit a community and ask what it is locals would want to see done or the main areas that needs urgent attention. Instead, operations are just imposed in an all too familiar top-down fashion. Likewise, many travelers may require to be graced with the experience community base tourism, but within two to four days they begin to complain that the services are not up to their standards or lack any form of professionalism. Greater time should be spent getting to know your guests. It normally pays off with a richer and more filling experience for all concerned. Successful community-based tourism succeeds when it achieves mutual benefits for  locals and visitors. Factors Influencing Caribbean Tourism Growth The Caribbean is experiencing a tourism boost. The Caribbean islands have historically been popular with tourists from America, Canada and Europe. During the global economic recession, tourism growth slowed but remained strong. And now, with the ongoing recovery, tourism numbers are steadily rising with a 4 percent increase in 2010 alone. Ease of Access For most people living in the northern hemisphere, the Caribbean is the quickest getaway destination where they can be on a beach with a colorful drink in one to four hours. The Bahamas, for instance, has islands that are barely 50 miles away from Florida. This has made the Caribbean a favorite of many travelers and contributes to tourist growth. Airlines continue to create more flights such as the Jetblue route from both Boston and New York to the Turks and Caicos. And for those who prefer not to fly, there are numerous cruise ship options. These include the Royal Caribbean Cruises that visit the Bahamas, St. Thomas and the Disney Cruise Lines, which are tailored for families and take them not only to islands like Antigua, but also privately owned islands such as Castaway Cay. Cost As noted above, there are many options for getting to the Caribbean. Consequently, reaching the region is equally affordable, especially when compared with other destinations in Europe, Asia and even parts of Latin America. You can find an affordable ticket for a quick trip during off season when there are less tourists. And for large islands with airports that are hubs for air carriers, like the Bahamas and Puerto Rico, cheap tickets are available almost year round. And upon arriving, visitors can enjoy themselves without going broke. Save, of course, if they opt to shop at prime luxury stores, which can be found on many islands. This affordability is an essential factor in the regions tourism growth. The Caribbean has a variety of accommodations from high-end luxury resorts to bed and breakfasts and everything in between. These options mean that visitors of all economic levels can come to the region. But in addition to the accommodations is the affordable cost. Resorts and hotels continue to present competitively priced accommodations that attract visitors. Reputation The Caribbean has been visited by tourists since the 1800s, and tales of its beauty and relaxing environment precede it. In fact, the Royal Victorian Hotel was built in the Bahamas during the American Civil War, one of the earliest such establishments in the region. This continuing good reputation makes it easy for tourists to visit for the first time or return for a repeat vacation. Also, the region is known for being safe, alleviating concern from families and single visitors. According to the Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), the Caribbean Basin in the most tourist-dependent region in the world. The regions tourism dollars exceed gross exports by about a third of total receipts, and about a million workers are employed in the tourism industry. Many factors influence tourism in the Caribbean Basin. Global Economics Since the global financial crisis, which began in 2008, the Caribbean Basin has seen a slight decrease in visitation due to higher unemployment, particularly in major markets such as the United States. Weather Patterns Hurricanes and major tropical storms impact tourism in the Caribbean a great deal. Hurricane season in the Caribbean is June1 to November 30. In Caribbean islands where major storms are rare, such as Curacao, tourism remains unaffected by weather. Oil Prices As the price of crude oil increases, airlines cut back on flights to the region. This reduces access to the Caribbean Basin, resulting in a lower tourism rate. Promotion The CTO has increased the marketing and promotion of the Caribbean region, with more emphasis on Internet social websites, online booking agencies and international marketing offices. Incentives More deals and incentives by host countries attract more visitors. The CTO aims to provide attractive vacation packages to travelers, especially during holidays and the off-season.

Investigating Osmosis :: Papers

Investigating Osmosis Aim To find out how osmosis affects the mass of a chip through different sugar solutions. Apparatus Petri dishes (6) Chips Ruler Thermometer 30 cm3 Solutions (6) DI, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1M Measuring Cylinder Knife Weighing scales Definition Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a high concentration of water molecules to a lower concentration of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane. Prelims Before doing this practical, I did a preliminary experiment. This was to help with my prediction and also to improve my main practical. This experiment was quick. It was just the same as the actual practical but it helped me to change certain things. I recorded 3 different changes in mass of the chips in each of the solutions at different times. DI 0.2 m 0.4 m 0.6 m 0.8 m 1m 4cm 4cm 4cm 4cm 4cm 4cm 1 hour 4cm 4cm 4cm 4cm 4cm 4cm 1 1/2 hours 4.1cm 4cm 4cm 3.8cm 3.8cm 3.6cm 2 hours 4 cm 3.9cm 3.5cm 3.6cm 3.4cm 3.2cm I’ve now decided to weigh the chips at the start and finish. This is to get more accurate readings. It will be easier to spot any anomalous results if one chip is compared to two others. I have decided to leave the chips in the solution for a longer period of time (overnight) I found that the longer I left the chips in the solution the more the mass changed. I did this to get more accurate results. Variables The only thing verifying in this experiment is going to be the concentration of the sugar in each of the solutions in the 6 different

Essay --

Sigmund Freud was born May 6, 1856 in the Moravian town of Přà ­bor in the Austrian Empire, which is now part of the Czech Republic. His parents’ names were Jacob and Amaila Freud; they both were Jewish. Despite their poverty, Sigmund Freud’s parents supported his education. The Panic of 1857 was the world's first world-wide economic crisis causing the family to relocate to Leipzig and eventually settle in Vienna. In 1865 Freud entered high school at the age of nine. He was a very intelligent student and graduated from the Matura, a high school exit exam with honors. Freud was accepted into the University of Vienna at age seventeen studying within the medical field. In 1882 Freud began his medical career in the psychiatric clinic at the Vienna General Hospital. He decided to enter a private practice in 1886 and specialize in nervous disorders. Sigmund Freud was one of the most influential and interesting men in the field of psychology. He was one of the first majo r social scientists to develop a theory to help explain and understand human behavior. Freud established ideas about how the human mind works and how unconscious desires control behavior. Though his work was great, others were uncertain about how unusual his ideas were. Freud’s work was based on personal perceptions. Freud is best known as the father of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis focuses on the unconscious characteristics of behavior. Freud believed that the conscious level of the mind was comparable to the tip of the iceberg which could be seen, but the unconscious mind was hidden. The unconscious mind contains aspects of the personality of which a person is unaware. When conscious the being is fully aware. One of Freud’s earliest works was Die Traumdeutung, German f... ...culine and feminine characteristics." During Sigmund Freud’s greatest years of scientific discovery, he endured thirty-three operations to his mouth due to a cancerous growth. Throughout this short, sixteen year period in his life he had published the importance of sexual motivations in Beyond the Pleasure Principle in 1920; organized data concerning the structure of the mind in The Ego and the Id in 1923 and other great works as well. Sigmund Freud died on September 23, 1939. His discoveries in the field of psychology have influenced the modern culture we live in today. Freud is most known for his theories about his theories of the libido, dreams, the mind and the unconscious. Freud’s work recognized the first efficient way of explaining the internal forces that determine human behavior. Psychoanalysis has become a dominant theory in how modern psychology works.

Process Essay - How to Get a Girl :: Process Essays

Every man’s dream is to have the perfect companion. However, in order to have one, you must first be able to get one. Most believe such a task can be extremely difficult, yet if done properly, it can be accomplished swiftly and efficiently. In fact, there are only a few basic procedures to getting a girl. The first step of this process is rather quite simple; get her attention. Initiating conversation is half the battle. As well, it is very effective to make frequent eye contact. Let her catch you staring once in a while and smile at every chance you get. Your goal is to be fairly subtle, while still making it obvious that you want her. Once you have succeeded in being noticed, you are ready for the next step. Be funny, be confident, but be yourself. The absolute worse thing you can do when trying to get a girl is to change your personality. Self-assurance is indispensable and by altering your character, you are telling her that you lack confidence. Having a sense of humor is also very important. It is absolutely crucial to make her smile, even if it occasionally requires making a fool of yourself. If you can’t make her laugh, you don’t stand a chance. Now that she’s interested, entice her by making her feel special. Without being too overwhelming, attempt to spend as much time as possible with her. Devote yourself to making her feel different than the rest by going out of your way to please her. Little things count most. For example, cancel a pre-planned weekend with the boys and take her out for dinner and a movie instead. Randomly buy her flowers and she will melt. Let her hear things she wants to hear. Compliment her hair or her outfit, but don’t go overboard. Too much of a good thing gets taken for granted. It’s also essential that you be interested, or pretend to be interested, in things she likes. If she plays sports watch her game, even in the pouring rain. Once she feels a little closer to you, it’s time for the final step. Probably the most difficult yet most important step to getting a girl is to keep her guessing. Although it sounds foolish, you must back off, tremendously. Play games with her head. Make her jealous by flirting with other girls, especially with her friends.

Ghani Glass (Strategic Management Report)

Literature Search Strategy â€Å"Strategic Management can be defined as the Art and Science of formulating, implementing and evaluation cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its objectives† [1] â€Å"Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term which achieves advantage for the organization t Through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment to meet the needs of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations†. [2] Stages of Strategic Management The strategic-management process consists of 3 stages that are; pic] Strategic Analysis This is all about the analyzing the strength of businesses' position and understanding the important external factors that may influence that position. The process of Strategic Analysis can be assisted by a number of tools, including: †¢ PEST ANALYSIS – a technique for understanding the â€Å"environment† in which a business operates †¢ SCENA RIO PLANNING – a technique that builds various plausible views of possible futures for a business †¢ FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS – a technique for identifying the forces which affect the level of competition in an industry MARKET SEGMENTATION – a technique which seeks to identify similarities and differences between groups of customers or users †¢ DIRECTIONAL POLICY MATRIX – a technique which summarizes the competitive strength of a business’s operations in specific markets †¢ COMPETITOR ANALYSIS – a wide range of techniques and analysis that seeks to summaries a businesses' overall competitive position †¢ CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR ANALYSIS – a technique to identify those areas in which a business must outperform the competition in order to succeed SWOT ANALYSIS – a useful summary technique for summarizing the key issues arising from an assessment of a business’s â€Å"internal† position and â€Å"exte rnal† environmental influences. STRATEGIC CHOICE This process involves understanding the nature of stakeholder expectations (the â€Å"ground rules†), identifying strategic options, and then evaluating and selecting strategic options. STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION It is the trickiest part†¦ When a strategy has been analyzed and selected, the task is then to translate it into organizational action. VISION STATEMENTS Vision statements are defined by organizations as â€Å"What do we want to become? † [3] â€Å"Strategic visions ought to convey a larger sense of purpose- so that employees see themselves as â€Å"building cathedral† rather than â€Å"laying stones†. [4] MISSION STATEMENTS â€Å"Mission Statements are enduring statements of purpose that distinguish one business from other similar firms. A mission statement identifies the scope of the firm’s operations in product and market terms. † [5] â€Å"A mission describes the organization’s basic function in society in terms of the products and services it produces for its customers†. [6] A clear Mission statement should have each of the following elements: [pic] External Assessment: Porter 5 Forces Model That Shapes Industry The process of performing an external audit must involve as many managers and employees as possible. Awareness of the 5 forces for external assessment can be very useful for the firm as it is able to determine the position of the respective company in the industry. To perform an external audit a company must accumulate competitive intelligence and information about economic social cultural demographic environmental political governmental legal and technological trends. Other sources include magazines, newspaper, internet and business journals. Following are the 5 forces that shape strategy. [7] These 5 forces determine the attractiveness of the industry. If the rivalry is intense, for example in auto and gaming industry, we can say that it has reduced the attractiveness of the industry. Similarly, if the forces are moderate, as they are in industries such as software, soft drinks, and toiletries, many companies are profitable. Industry structure drives competition and profitability, not whether an ndustry produces a product or service, is emerging or mature, high tech or low tech, regulated or unregulated. While a myriad of factors can affect industry profitability in the short run – including the weather and the business cycle – industry structure, manifested in the competitive forces, sets industry profitability in the medium and long run. These five forces are further affected by the external environment which are rather uncontroll able and are widely popular as PEST in Porter theory of 5 forces. They are called Political, Environmental, Social and Technological. Relationship between External forces and Organization [pic][8] Internal Assessment: Strengths and Weaknesses A strategic-management audit of a firm’s internal operations is imperative to organization’s health. Increasing number of successful organizations are using the internal audit to gain competitive advantage. Management, marketing, financial/accounting, production / operations and management information systems represent the core competencies of the organizations and their value chains. An organization should identify and evaluate internal strengths and weaknesses in order to effectively formulate and choose among alternative strategies. [9] GENERIC COMPETETIVE STRATEGIES The second central question in competitive strategy is a firm's relative position within its industry. Positioning determines whether a firm's profitability is above or below the industry average. A firm that can position it well may earn high rates of return even though industry structure is unfavorable and the average profitability of the industry is herefore modest. Each of the generic strategies involves a fundamentally different route to competitive advantage, combining a choice about the type of competitive advantage sought with the scope of the strategic target in which competitive advantage is to be achieved. The cost leadership and differentiation strategies seek competitive advantage in a broad range of industry segments, while focus strategies aim at cost advantage (cost focus) or differ entiation (differentiation focus) in a narrow segment. The specific actions required to implement each generic strategy vary widely from industry to industry, as do the feasible generic strategies in a particular industry. While selecting and implementing a generic strategy is far from simple, however, they are the logical routes to competitive advantage that must be probed in any industry. [10] COST LEADERSHIP: Cost leadership is perhaps the clearest of the three generic strategies. In it, a firm sets out to become the low-cost producer in its industry. The firm has a broad scope and serves many industry segments, and may even operate in related industries — the firm's breadth is often important to its cost advantage. The sources of cost advantage are varied and depend on the structure of the industry DIFFERENTIATION: The second generic strategy is differentiation. In a differentiation strategy, a firm seeks to be unique in its industry along some dimensions that are widely valued by buyers. It selects one or more attributes that many buyers in an industry perceive as important, and uniquely positions itself to meet those needs. It is rewarded for its uniqueness with a premium price. FOCUS: The third generic strategy is focus. This strategy is quite different from the others because it rests on the choice of a narrow competitive scope within an industry. The focuser selects a segment of group of segments in the industry and tailors its strategy to serving them to the exclusion of others. By optimizing its strategy for the target segments, the focuser seeks to achieve a competitive advantage in its target segments even though it does not possess a competitive advantage overall. STUCK IN THE MIDDLE: A firm that engages in each generic strategy but fails to achieve any of them is â€Å"stuck in the middle. † It possesses no competitive advantage. This strategic position is usually a recipe for below-average performance. A firm that is stuck in the middle will compete at a disadvantage because the cost leader, differentiators, or focusers will be better positioned to compete in any segment. If a firm that is stuck in the middle is lucky enough to discover a profitable product or buyer, competitors with a sustainable competitive advantage will quickly eliminate the spoils. In most industries, quite a few competitors are stuck in the middle. Ghani Glass – An Introduction: The founder of Ghani Group Sheikh Abdul Ghani (late) started business in 1963 and established a coal / silica sand mining firm in the name of Ahmad Brothers and Company. Now, the group is running a diverse range of businesses including three glass manufacturing plants, an automobile plant and a number of leading mining companies have an annual turnover of over Rs. 8 Billion. The origins of this group can be found in the mining industry given its involvement in coal, salt and sand mining since 1959. The substantial strategic benefits of vertical integration led them to consider venturing into the manufacturing field in subsequent years. The chosen manufacturing field was glass manufacturing due to the robust demand for glass products in the country. The Ghani Group was not new to the glass manufacturing industry. They had been supplying silica sand to the glass industries four decades back. Their dedication to quality and customer service allowed them to land an exclusive 25 year excellence certificate from Phillips. Their venture into the manufacturing field took the form of Ghani Glass, incorporated in 1992 and starting production in 1995, forming the first step on the road to success of Ghani Glass limited, which today own three glass plants namely GGL1 – Hattar, GGL2 – Landhi and GGL3 – Sheikhupura Road. Companies of the Group The diversified businesses operating under the umbrella of Ghani Group are as follows: †¢ Ghani Glass Limited, Hattar (GGL-I) †¢ Ghani Glass Limited, Karachi (GGL-II) †¢ Ghani Glass Limited, Sheikhupura (Float Glass Plant) †¢ Ghani Automobiles Limited (formerly Ghani Textile Ltd. †¢ Makerwall Collieries Limited †¢ Ghani Mines (Pvt. ) Limited; †¢ Ghani Chromites Mines Pvt. Limited †¢ Ghani Corporation †¢ Ahmed Ghani Joint Venture †¢ Al-Muhandus Corp. †¢ Ahmed Brothers and Co. Vision: To indulge in honesty, integrity and self determination, to encourage excellence in performance and most of all to put our trust in Allah, so that we, eventually through our efforts and belief, become the leader amongst glass manufacturers not only in Pakistan but in Asia. Mission: The company has no mission statement and according to them, their vision connotes their mission. External Environment Porter’s Five Forces Applying Porter’s five forces to the Glass Industry allows us to acquire a fair view of the potential attractiveness in terms of profitability of the industry and Attractiveness. | | |Yes |~ |No | |A | |(+) | |(–) | | |Threat of New Entrants | | | | | |Do large firms have a cost or performance advantage in your segment of the industry? | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Are there any Proprietary product differences in your industry? | | |[pic] | | |Are there any established brand identities in your industry? | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Do your customers incur any significant costs in switching suppliers? | |[pic] | | |Is a lot of capital needed to enter your industry? | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Is serviceable used equipment expensive? | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Does the newcomer to your industry face difficulty in accessing distribution channels? | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Does experience help you to continuously lower costs? | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Does the newcomer have any problems in obtaining the necessary skilled people, materials or | | | | | |supplies? |[pic] | | | | |Does your product or service have any proprietary features that give you lower cost? | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Are there any licenses, insurance or qualifications that are difficult to obtain? | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Can the newcomer expect strong retaliation on entering the market? | | | | | | |[pic] | | | The threat of new entrants is significantly low as there is high capital investment required for establishing a manufacturing facility in this industry. Besides, the current players in market are well settled and have strong brand identities. Incase any new firm wants to enter this industry; it will be faced with predicaments in setting-up distribution links as the existing companies have substantial control over main channels. PEST ANALYSIS P: The Government of Pakistan has certain regulations related to establishment of a manufacturing facility. All new firms are subject to different licensing and regulatory procedures and the industry’s tax structure in also not supportive. E: Primarily, the economic conditions do not affect the behavior of this industry as glass has no direct substitutes and all the buyers including domestic and commercial ones are bound to buy glass when they need it. S: With a strong cultural heritage, Pakistanis are well known for their arts and crafts. The words beautification and decoration are directly related with glass. Besides basic usage, people decorate their houses with vases and other decorative items made up of glass (mainly float glass). Hence, the social and societal values are in favor of this industry. T: Pakistan is an underdeveloped country and one of the basic reasons for that is lagging behind in the field of technology. The technology required in this industry is not only expensive but the manufacturing / processing equipments are also not easily available in Pakistan. All existing companies have to import the machines from countries such as Japan, Germany and China. | | |Yes |~ |No | |B | |(+) | |(–) | | |Bargaining Power of Buyers | | | | | |Are there a large number of buyers relative to the number of firms in the business? | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Do you have a large number of customers, each with relatively small purchases? | | |[pic] | | |Does the customer face any significant costs in switching suppliers? | | |[pic] | | |Does the buyer need a lot of important information? | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Is the buyer aware of the need for additional information? | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Is there anything that prevents your customer from taking your function in – house? | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Your customers are not highly sensitive to price. | |[pic] | | |Your product is unique to some degree or has accepted branding. |[pic] | | | | |Your customer’s business are profitable |[pic] | | | | |You provide incentives to the de cision makers. |[pic] | | | In this industry bargaining power of buyers is very low. This is due to low number of producer of glass compare to large number of buyers of glass. There are hardly four companies existing in this industry. PEST ANALYSIS P: As such, the politico legal system has not influenced the bargaining power of customers in this industry. Even in the turbulent times, the company has been successful in achieving sales targets and net income is continuously showing an upward trend. E: Economic conditions do not impact the bargaining power of buyer in this industry because the offerings of Ghani Glass are quite high in quality as compared to that of others. S: The float glass has become an indispensable element of modern infrastructure thereby; it has resulted in an increase in demand and decrease in bargaining power of buyers. T: The element of technology is very significant in glass industry and the processes involve high-tech machinery which makes superior glass. It can, therefore, be concluded that technology factor is lessening the buyers’ power. |C | |Yes |~ |No | | |Threat of Substitutes |(+) | |(–) | | |The industry is growing rapidly. | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |Industry is Not Cyclical with intermittent over capacity. | | |[pic] | | |The fixed costs of the business are a relatively low portion of total costs. | | |[pic] | | |There are significant product differences and brand identities between the competitors. | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |The competitors are diversified rather than specialized. | |[pic] | | |It would not be hard to get out of this business because there are no specialized skills and | | |[pic] | | |facilities or long-term contract commitments, etc. | | | | | |My customers would incur significant costs in switching to a competitor. | | |[pic] | | |My product is comple x and requires a detailed understanding on the part of my customer. | | |[pic] | | |My competitors are all of approximately the same size as I am. | |[pic] | PEST ANALYSIS P: Political conditions of our country don’t hit the rivalry factor of this industry up to large extent. But when small players in the industry leave the business due to unrelenting political mayhems, big players like Ghani Glass take the advantage of a decrease in competition, direct or indirect. E: The GDP of our country is growing and so is per capita income. Glass is a commodity where consumption is dependent on income. As incomes of individuals and corporations tend to increase, the consumption of glass also increases. Glass is also used in bottling of soft drinks, medicines and automobile industry. The consumption of consumer goods also helps glass industry to endure economic slowdowns. S: Since the social factors are causing an increase in demand for glass, every player gets a chance cater certain segment of users. Thus it reduces the intensity of rivalry among the exiting competitors. T: Due to the enhancement in technology and emergence of internet, both domestic and corporate customers have easy access to different suppliers thus it is increasing the rivalry among the existing competitors. F | | | | | | |Critical Success Factors |Weight |Rating | | | | | |Weighted Score | |Opportunities |   |   |   | |Increasing demand of glass products |0. 20 |4 |0. 80 | |Forward integration (opening retail outlets) |0. 10 |3 |0. 30 | |Ability to grow rapidly because of sharply rising demand in |0. 15 |3 |0. 5 | |construction of business arcade (in which float glass is the main | | | | |ingredient) | | | | |Acquisition of small players such as Prince Glass which is |0. 15 |3 |0. 45 | |technologically well-equipped | | | | |Partnerships and joint ventures with regional conglomerates in |0. 05 |2 |0. 10 | |pursuit of globalization | | | | |Uprising demand of Float Glass in Afghanistan, Iran and Indian |0. 05 |1 |0. 05 | |markets. | | | |   | | | | | | | |   | |Threats | | | | |Gas Load Shedding |0. 10 |3 |0. 30 | |Emerging rivals such as Khawaja Glass |0. 0 |3 |0. 30 | |The emergence of substitute products such as aluminum and wood |0. 05 |2 |0. 10 | |Import of Chinese, Saudi, Belgium and Malaysian Float Glass |0. 05 |4 |0. 20 | | | | | | |TOTAL |1 | |3. 05 | INTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION | |IFE MATRIX | | | | | | |Critical Success Factors |Weight |Rating | | | | | |Weighted Score | |Strengths |   |   |   | |1. Superior Technology than Rivals |0. 15 |4 |0. 60 | |2. Team Vigilance |0. 10 |3 |0. 20 | |3. Loyalty of employees |0. 15 |4 |0. 60 | |4. Ample financial resources to grow their business |0. 10 |3 |0. 30 | |5. Better product quality compared to rivals |0. 10 |4 |0. 40 | |6. A widely recognized brand |0. 05 |4 |0. 20 | |7. Strong distribution channels |0. 05 |3 |0. 15 | |  8. Dedicated human resource at managerial levels |0. 10 |3 |0. 0 | | | | |   | |Weaknesses | | | | |9. Weak R & D related to new product development |0. 10 |2 |0. 20 | |10. Lack of technically-sound labour |0. 05 |3 |0. 15 | |  11. Not upgraded training facilities for labor |0. 05 |1 |0. 5 | | | | | | |TOTAL |1 | |3. 15 | COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX (CPM) | | |Ratings |Total |Ratings |Total | |Product Quality |0. 10 |4 |0. 40 |2 |0. 20 | |Technology |0. 10 |3 |0. 30 |2 |0. 20 | |Advertisement & Communication |0. 05 |3 |0. 15 |1 |0. 05 | |Financial Position |0. 15 |3 |0. 45 |3 |0. 45 | |Management |0. 10 |3 |0. 30 |3 |0. 30 | |Market share |0. 10 |4 |0. 40 |2 |0. 20 | |Competition |0. 10 |3 |0. 30 |1 |0. 10 | |Price Competitiveness |0. 10 |3 |0. 0 |2 |0. 20 | |Dedicated Human Resource |0. 10 |3 |0. 30 |3 |0. 30 | |Distribution Channels |0. 10 |3 |0. 30 |2 |0. 20 | |TOTAL |1 | |3. 20 | |2. 20 | Competitors Analysis Pharmaceutical Industry: Ghani Glass has a share of 88% in this industry. Float Glass Industry: Ghani Glass has a share of 75% in this industry. Food & Beverages Industry: Ghani Glass has a share of 88% in this industry. Major Customers: Leading national and multinational companies of Pakistan †¢ Construction companies – local and multinational †¢ Architectural and engineering companies †¢ Also being exported to over 12 countries KEY SUCCESS FACTORS UNMATCHED QUALITY: Ghani Glass is successful because of the quality it offers. In connivance wi th same, they charge a premium price and this results in high profit margins. Consequently, the company has more money to reinvest. STRONG DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL ALL OVER PAKISTAN: Ghani Glass has successfully formed a strong distribution network by giving better margins to distributors. SUPERIOR TECHNOLOGY: Ghani Glass uses the most advanced technology in the industry. The company installed its first state on the art plant in 1993. Later on, the company set-up first Float Glass manufacturing facility in 2003. Since then, they are constantly improving their technology and resultantly, they have been able to make quality oriented products and it helped them in becoming a trend setter and market leader. MARKETING STRATEGIES: Word of mouth is the most important tool which they have used for the promotion of their products. They have also used billboards and personnel selling tools to promote their products. In nutshell, they were able to position their product as the best in terms of quality through marketing strategy. This also increased their brand equity. SKILLED ENGINEERS HIRED FROM FOREIGN MARKETS: In Pakistan, the education level is backward that has led to lack of availability of skilled labour in the country. Also there is such institution in Pakistan that engineer can be trained to handle the technology. Therefore to overcome this hindrance they have hired employee mainly engineer from foreign market. As compare to their rival their engineer are more skillful and efficient. DEDICATED HUMAN RESOURCE & EMPLOYEES: Ghani Glass provides is staffs with three time meal that is breakfast, lunch and dinner free of cost. It means that they make sure their employee and labors are fit and healthy. It is due to their policy that their labor has become dedicated and hard working. Company makes sure that no labor or employee is ill-treated. They follow strictly the labor law which has made the labor and employee loyal to the company. Core Competencies: – Technology: The company is using superior technology as compared to others in market and it has helped them in retaining market leadership status. – Dedicated HR: The employees are extremely loyal and the company is using strategic tactics to retain their motivation level. For instance, there are no overtimes and each and every employee is given free meals throughout the day. – Product Innovation: Ghani Glass is leading the industry by innovating round the year and becoming pioneer in every segment of glass industry. Value Chain Financial Ratio Trends Financial Ratio Trends |Ratios |2009 |2008 |2007 |2006 |2005 | |Activity Ratio | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Inventory Turnover |6. 55 |6. 13 |5. 67 |4. 04 |2. 0 | | | | | | | | |Fixed Asset Turnover |1. 86 |1. 78 |1. 6 |1. 45 |2. 68 | | | | | | | | |Total Asset Turnover |1. 04 |0. 78 |0. 79 |0. 86 |1. 04 | Analysis Ghani Glass is the market leader of its industry. It is financially sound with increasing returns and stable inventory control. Following is an in depth analysis of Ghani Glass Ratios: LIQUIDITY RATIO Liquidity ratio examines the liquidity position of the company. This means, whether the company has enough liquid or cash or inventory to cope up with its short term liabilities and expenses. The current ratio FY2005 was 2. 9 which is very high. Ghani had a lot of liquid FY2005 which was idle and needed to be invested back in the company, and hence doing so GHANI reduces its current ration to 1. 98 FY2009 which is still very high, but it defines GHANI to be in a strong position with enough liquid to cope with short term liabilities. Quick Ratio describes whether the company is able to pay its short term liabilities without relying on its inventory. GHANI FY2009 has an adequate quick ratio of 1. 05, hence defining GHANI to be in a better position even if it runs short of inventory. Price to earning ratio, though has fallen very hard. It has fallen by 11. 06x in a year. It is due to the conditions that took place in KSE and instable political, economical , law and order situation. Profitability Ratio Ghani has been able to produce good profits and returns for its investors. Ghani has been able to maintain its Gross Profit Margin between 25-30% and Net profit Margin between 15-20%. This explains a balanced business operation that has been able Ghani to maintain this level of profits, despite deteriorating political and economic conditions. Return on Capital employed has been increasing since 2006. In 2006, the return on capital employed was 12. 06% but now has been increased to 25. 65% which is clearly overwhelming. It clearly shows that Ghani have been successful in producing excellent returns but every penny invested in the company by its investors. This proves Ghani to be a market leader and why Ghani is financially sound. Price to earning ratio, though ,has fallen very hard. It has fallen by 11. 06 xs in a year. It is due to the conditions that took place in KSE and instable political, economical, law and order situation. MATCHING STAGES THE Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix The Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix is another important Stage 2 matching tool of formulation framework. It explains that what is our strategic position and what possible action can be taken. It is not closed matrix. It is prepared on graph. It is closed matrix. This follow counter clock wise direction. It contains four-quadrant named aggressive, conservative, defensive, or competitive strategies. The axes of the SPACE Matrix represent two internal dimensions financial strength [FS] and competitive advantage [CA]) and two external dimensions (environmental stability [ES] and industry strength [IS]). These four factors are the most important determinants of an organization's overall strategic position. |Financial Strength (FS) |Rating | | | | |1. Return on investment |+4 | |2. Leverage |+3 | |3. Liquidity |+3 | |4. Cash Flow |+3 | Financial Strength: Ghani has a strong Financial Condition with increasing returns and has enough liquidity to cope with its short term liabilities. |Industry Strength (IS) |Rating | | | | |1. Growth Potential |+4 | |2. Profit Potential |+3 | |3. Technological know-how |+3 | |4. Financial Stability |+3 | Industry Strength The growth potential of the entire Glass industry has been on the higher side since the demand of glasses in households and offices had taken shape in our businesses and daily lives. Financial stability is quite positive in the industry as Ghani has been performing well along with its competitors who are located in the informal sector of the market. Technology is an important factor here as people get more and more aware of the new technologies coming in the market & their benefits the more they will demand it as influenced by the external as well as internal forces. Profit potential in the industry is quite high as population & demand are ever growing factor. Environmental Stability (ES) |Rating | | | | |1. Technological Changes |-2 | |2. Barriers to entry into market |-2 | |3. Competitive Pressure |-1 | |4. Price range of competing products |-3 | Environmental Stability Barriers to entry are low as Technology required for producing glass is very high. Competitive pressure is low du e to only 2 major companies in the Industry. Also price range of competing product is stable in the industry Competitive Advantage Ghani has excellent market share which accounts for 71% in the market. Ghani has a good product quality to cater to its audiences. The industry doesn’t necessary has customer loyalty and any customer would be looking for good quality affordable glass irrespective of the producer of the glass. |Competitive Advantage (CA) |Rating | |1. Market Share |-1 | |2. Product Quality |-2 | |3. Customer Loyalty |-3 | |4. Technological know how |-1 | SPACE MATRIX RESULT |x-axis: 5 + -2 = 3 | |y-axis: 6 + -3. 25 = 2. 75 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | |   | | | | |POSITION |   |   |   |   |   |   |COMPETITIVE | | | | | |   | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | | |IV |V |VI | | | | | |VII |VIII |IX | [pic] 3 to 4 [pic] 2 to 2. 99 [pic] 1 to 1. 99 |STRENGTH |WEAKNESSES | | |Superior Technology than competitor. |Weak R&D related to new product development | | |Team Vigilant |Lack of Abundant quantity of quality labor | | |Skilled and abreast with knowledge employers|Not upgraded training facilities for Labor | | |Ample financial resources to reinvest and | | | |grow their business. | | |Better product quality relative to rivals | | | |A Widely recognize market leader | | | |Strong Distribution channel | | | |Dedicated Human resources | | |OPPORTUNITIES | Strengths-Opportunities SO |Weakness-Opportunities WO | |Increasing demand of glass products | |With increasing demand of glass products, | | |With superior technology, better skilled |Ghani glass should improve its research and | |Forward integration (opening retail outlets) |employees and increasing demand of glass, |development department. (W1 O1) | | |Ghani Glass can pursue product development | | |Ability to grow rapidly because of sharply |by producing products such as bowls and |Partnering and ventures with regional | |rising demand in construction of business |glass crockery. (O1 S1 S3 S4) |conglomerates will bring in skilled labor. |arcade in which float glass is the main |Ghani should export glass to Afghanistan (S4|(O5 W2) | |ingredient |O6) | | |Acquisition of small players such as Prince |Ghani should install plant in Iran (S4 O6) | | |Glass which is technologically | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |With ample financial resources, Ghani Glass | | |well-equipped |can acquire small businesses in the | | |Partnerships and joint ventures with regional|industry. (O4 S4) | | |conglomerates in pursuit of globalization | | | |Uprising demand in Afghanistan and Iran | | | |markets. | | |THREATS |Strengths-Threats ST |Weakness-Threats WT | |Gas Load Shedding |Increase trade promotion as a proactive |Ghani R&D should produce new products to | |Emerging rivals such as Khawaja Glass |measure to silent emerging rivals. (S4 S5 S6|compete with emerging rivals like Khawaja | |The emergence of substitute products such as |T2) |Glass. (W1 T2) | |aluminum and wood |Negotiate with the Government to receive | | |Importing of glass from China, Saudi Arab, |exemption in Gas Load Shedding. T2 O6) | | |Malaysia a nd Belgium | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | From the I-E Matrix it can be concluded that Ghani Glass is internally very strong with the IFE of 3. 15 and EFE weighted score of 3. 05 which means that it lies on the first quadrant of the I-E matrix. Company lying on the first quadrant of the matrix are suppose to adopt aggressive strategy. Company which lies on Quadrant I,II or IV are suppose to grow and build. Here Ghani Glass lies in First Quadrant so it should Grow and build its market which means it has to adopt aggressive strategy such as forward integration, Market penetration or product development. IMPLEMENTATION STAGE Q S P M | |Key Success Factors |Weight |Market Develop. In Iran & |Product Development (Glass | | | |Afghanistan |Crockery) | | |AS | | |TAS | | | |TAS |AS | | |Opportunities | | | | | | |Increasing demand of glass products |0. 0 | | | | | | | |4 |0. 80 | |0. 60 | | | | | |3 | | |Forward integration (opening retail |0. 10 | | | | | |outlets) | |- |- |1 | | | | | | | |0. 0 | |Ability to grow rapidly because of sharply | | | | | | |rising demand in construction of business | | | | | | |arcade in which float glass is the main | | | | | | |ingredient | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |3 |0. 5 | | | |Acquisition of small players such as Prince|0. 15 | | | | | |Glass which is technologically | | | | | | |well-equipped | | | | | | | | |3 |0. 45 |3 |0. 45 | |Partnerships and joint ventures with |0. 05 | 2 |0. 10 |2 |0. 10 | |regional conglomerates in pursuit of | | | | | |globalization | | | | | | |Uprising demand of Float Glass in |0. 05 | | | | | |Afghanistan and Iran markets. | | | |3 | | | | |2 |0. 10 | |0. 15 | |   | | | | | | |Threats | | | | | | |Gas Load Shedding |0. 0 | | | | | | | |- |- | | | |Emerging rivals such as Khawaja Glass |0. 10 | | |2 | | | | | | | |0. 20 | |The emergence of substitute products such |0. 05 |- |- |- |- | |as aluminum and wood | | | | | | |Import of Chinese, Saudi, Belgium made and |0. 05 | 3 | 0. 15 |3 |0. 5 | |Malaysian Float Glass | | | | | | | | | | | | | |TOTAL |1 | | | | | | | |Strengths | | | | | | |1. Superior Technology than Rivals |0. 15 |3 |0. 45 | | | |2. Team Vigilant |0. 10 |- | | | | |3. Skilled and abreast with knowledge |0. 15 |3 |0. 45 | | | |employers | | | | | | |4. Ample financial resources to grow their |0. 10 |3 |0. 0 | | | |business | | | | | | |5. Better product quality relative to |0. 10 |- | |2 |0. 20 | |rivals | | | | | | |6. A Widely recognize market leader |0. 05 |3 |0. 15 |3 |0. 15 | |7. Strong Distribution channel |0. 05 |2 |0. 10 |3 |0. 15 | |8. Dedicated Human resource |0. 10 |3 |0. 30 |2 |0. 0 | |Weaknesses | | | | | | |9. Weak R&D related to new product |0. 10 |- | |1 |0. 10 | |development | | | | | | |10. Lack of Abundant quantity of quality |0. 05 |1 |0. 05 |- | | |labor | | | | | | |11. Not upgraded training facilities for |0. 5 |- | |- | | |Labor | | | | | | | | | | | | | |TOTAL |1 | |3. 60 | |2. 35 | Interpretation of QSMP After tho roughly analyzing the QSPM scores, it can be concluded that the Market Development in Afghanistan and Iran is much more feasible rather than opting for product development. The pitfall in applying this strategy can the cultural mismatch in the organization. Balanced Business Scorecard | | | [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] ———————– [1] Fred R. David, Strategic Management Concept and Cases 12th Edition. p. 4 2 Johnson and Scholes, Planning and Strategic Management, 1999. p. 10 [2] Fred R. David, Strategic Management 12th edition p. 11 [3] Thompson, Strategic Management 13th edition p. 40 5 Fred R. David, Strategic Management 12th edition p. 11 6 Mintzberg [4] Strategic Management by Thompson, 13th edition p. 80 [5] Strategic Management by Fred R. David 12th edition p. 73 [6] Strategic Management by Fred R. David 12th Edition p. 104 [7] Creating and sustaining superior performance by Michael E. Porter Free Press, 1998 (1985) ———————– 10 2 1 3 1 10 4 10 1 2 10 1 3 10 1 [pic] Objective 1. Continuous training and development 2 Organizational cultures which encourages change and development. Measure Create a supportive work environment & corporate culture. Target 1. Increased one-to one contact at all levels; 2. Real time communication. 3. Collective decision making Initiative 1. Empowerment. 2. Restructuring of Human Resource department and policies. Learning & Growth Initiative Simplify procedures and streamline workflows. Target More strategic acquisitions of small players Measure Engineering efficiency, continuous technology adoption Objective To bring continuous improvement in business processes and reduce costs Internal Processes Objective To strengthen relationship with customers. Measure Number of co-operative efforts Target Maximum customer participation and involvement Initiative Increase focus on check-in services. Customer Objective Increasing profit by 3% in F. Y 2010 Initiative Trade promotions locally and internationally Target Retain Market Domination Measure Strive for an incline in Sales Revenue Financial TOWS Matrix AMMa

Introduction To Top Glove Corporation Berhad Essay

c everywhere charge paw smoke was Started In 1991 In the Beginning filch baseball mitt confede balancen had just 1 Factory 3 exertion lines and 100 Staff, but without ascertain it Has Become the Most Successful and Largest no-accountize baseball glove manufacture resulting in 25 factories which they had just 1 match slight when they started and straightaway has 470 Production lines and a strength to r all(prenominal) 41.1 meg baseball mitts per Annum. conduce Glove Corpo proportionalityn has to a greater effect than 10 Branches non In Malaysia but has excessively Spread In China and Thailand The Main Activities of Top Glove atomic number 18 enthronement holdings and provision of focussing service of processs. Top Glove be hotshot of the largest rubber-base paint paws, nitrile, surgical, ho make example ofhold, Cleanroom,Vinyl and more(prenominal) types of baseball mitt make believer and fill ups mel economic crisis tone Products and meets the In creasing expectations of the outside(a) Top Glove Corpoproportionn was Listed second In Malaysian Bourse and within a category It was promoted to the crownwork city of Malaysia Kuala Lumpur dividing line Exchange (Bursa Saham) .It consists Sh arholder fund charge 1.28Billion with an annual duty tourover which is al some 2.31Billion as at financial year end 31 August 2012.Tan Sri Lim the Founder of Top Glove Achievements has A Huge assign for telephoners Success Not Only Tan sri Lim But the passing Committed and Motivation of Board of coachs together with 11000 Strong Work Force. Customers ar the measur subject Factor for Top Glove conjunction their motive is to Provide High timberland Products with affordable follow and To Provide them the lift out customer service. The Company is looking forrader To Invest IN R&D IT and Automation to make sure to improve The Quality and Production capability. Looking At the Future Top Gloves Objective is to Capture 30% of the manhoodwide mart sh be by 2015, (Top Glove, 2013) (EMIS, 2013)1.1 coronate hand CORPORATION VISION AND billingWe Strive to be the Worlds Leading Manufacture with brilliant Quality Glove Products and Service enrich and shelter Human Lives CORPORATE MISSION To Be World Class Glove maker by providing nip Quality products withExcellent services through continuous Improvements and vicissitude (Top Glove, 2013) 1.2 KEY EXECUTIVESWee Chai Lim hot seatKim utter LeeManaging theater directorCheong Guan Lim decision maker DirectorSiew Bee TongExecutive DirectorArshad salt away AyubIndependent Non-Executive Director (Company)1.3 CHAIRMAN LIM WEE CHAI compose(Top Glove Corpo dimensionn Berhad, 2012)Lim Wee chai is a Malaysian citizen aged 54 He was graduated in Bachelor of scientific discipline degree in physics from University Malaya and undefiled his master degree in line administration Sul Ross State University in Texas, linked States. Lim wee chai was appointed as a chairma n at top glove corporation on 4th kinfolk 2000. Top glove Corporation Berhad was started with all 3 issue lines under the chair lim wee chai Leadership and visions top glove mystify engender worlds largest rubber glove make growrs and has captured 25% of the world commercialize sh ar. The lodge now has more than 23 factories and 457 production lines in Malaysia and on the otherwise counties which atomic number 18 china and Thailand. The Production capacity is to produce 40 million pieces of gloves per annum, over thousands of customers bring in more than 185 Countries. He has trustworthy 10 awards for his achievements success and contribution towards the Glove Industry (Top Glove Corporation Berhad, 2012)2.0 portal TO HARTALEGA HOLDINGS BERHAD(Hartalega, 2013)Hartalega Berhad Manufacture and sell latex paint and nitrile gloves.The familys latex and nitrile gloves consists of examination and operative, projectionatory, Clean room gloves, nuclear power plant etc.I t also deals in retail and wholesale of gloves, Property leasing interrogation and development of automation systems. Hartalega was established in 1988 with the vision to produce gloves to protect the cardinal thing which is Life, Hartalega Used to be peerless line operation in the root system but now it is one of the most largest Company with 53 Production lines, and a cap might to produce 12 Billion gloves Per Year. Since the Start, Hartalega e genuinely single operation is been apply to Tradition of Excellence, they be delivering the best prize through state of the art equipment, naughty quality system and dedicated workers their products argon extravagantly recognized all over the world Hartalega Success isBeca use up of their loyal customers and lucid improvements in quality of products, reliable service with efficiency by the culture of unaf meliorate and honest approach to assembly line. Hartalega has Huge merchandise all over the world which atomic number 18 in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia Malaysia Hartalega is the keep familiarity which has produced a hazard types of products compare of its competitors and they are first one who has produced it which are Polymer sur caseful Powder-Free exam Gloves, Low Protein Latex Examination Gloves, Robotic glove undressping system which helps to strip gloves off from the production lines, first one to produce high-stress relaxation NBR Examination and Surgical gloves, first assiduity to use vege sidestep oil Palm Empty fruit bunches as biomass fuel to produce heat for production process and Many More products which had produce 1st the Industry. Hartalega has earned a lot of Awards Be suffice of their hard work, dedication and motivation. (Hartalega, 2013) (Businessweek, 2013)2.1 BOARD OF DIRECTORS1. Kuan Kam HonExecutive Chairman and Managing Director2. Chuah Phaik SimIndependent Non-Executive Director3. Dato Mohamed ZakIndependent Non-Executive Director4. Kuan Mun KengNon-Independen t Executive Director5. Kuan Mun LeongNon-Independent Executive Director6. Liew Ben PohNon-Independent Non-Executive Director (Haralega, 2012)(Hartalega prop Berhad, 2012)2.2 HARTALEGA CHAIRMAN PROFILE(Hartalega belongings Berhad, 2012)Kuan Kam Hon aged 65, Is the Executive chairman and Managing Director atHartalega, he was appointed on May 7, 2007. Kuan Kam Hon is responsible for all job strategic plannings and whole operations in the class including research and development, He started his course in the construction company named kuan Yuen & Sons Company which was a well-known construction company in 1970s, in 1981 he form Hartalega Sdn Bhd Under his leadership Hartalega has now become a reputable producers of latex gloves in the industry in Malaysia and is public listed in bursa Malaysia. He has created a set of centering with Higher standards and encourages creativity and innovation to produce highly-skilled personnel. (Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012)3.0 RUBBER GLOVE INDSUT RY abstractThe rubber learn has been append chop-chop high after the H1N1 Pandemic in 2010. dick glove industry is freeing to witness Lower demand as in that respect is no Huge illness found in Humans, Plants or Animals since die hard year, arctic Glove Industry wholly depends on its usage on checkup exam sector, Industry has been facing recession sentence to era. Malaysia is the largest Producer and exporter of Rubber gloves at present, Malaysian industry of rubber gloves has high penury all over the world, Top Producers of Rubber gloves are, Top Glove, Supermax, Kossan rubber industry and Hartalega. Malaysian Industry exports to the US, Europe, Latin America, China and India, Us is the largest Importer of Rubber Gloves as their expenditure on Health cope has gone high as percentage of GDP Since 2000. UK and European Countries are following the same(p) heading of using more vigorous products.And is pass judgment for other countries as well pauperization for Rub ber gloves Have Increased in Countries like India, China and Brazil in the recent years as they are more bear on to their healthcare and needinesss to use hygienic Products, Demand for lower-end powdered latex gloves is high in develop countries who are more cost conscious which is cheaper than powder-free latex and nitrile gloves, The Developed countries such as US and Europe prefer to use Powder-free latex and Nitrile gloves. (Koncept Analysis, 2012)4.0 FUTURE scout OF RUBBER GLOVE INDUSTRIES4.1 HIGH bespeak OF GLOVESRubber Glove Industry go forth be having long circumstancedemand for their products from the highly developed Countries. Emerging economies whitethorn possibly drive high succeeding(a) demand as their population is increase, they are more aware of the importance of hygienic products in medical sectors as allow for be having high demand of High quality of Healthcare products and services. Health Care Expenditures is increase for most developed Countries, whic h has change magnitude demand for gloves, which may affect increase in cost but nonetheless stand be manageable. drift and labor cost are pass judgment to be increase In 2013, but no sure if that can make a huge impact of Glove mart (lee, 2012)4.2 STABLE MARKET SHARE, CAPACITY TO add-onTop 4 Glove Producers may not become M &A Targets. Kossan Rubber industry may have a chance of being such a target if we pick among the quartet Largest Producers. The Rubber Glove Companies are increasing their production capacity to remain in the competition. Annual Capacity growth is expected to be nearly 18% or 14.2BN pieces in 2013 (lee, 2012)4.3 RISKS INVOVLED IN RUBBER GLOVE INDUSTRIESRubber Glove Industries can face various kinds of risks which are as follows 1. Competitors in this Industry have aggressively expended their capacity plans this can result in an gourmandize 2. Sharp instpower in latex cost and foreign currencies resulting in virtually boundary strand squeeze 3. govern mental Risk, domestic and regional, Glove manufactures source 50% of their raw material from Thailand. Risk is low production of NR latex and lower bring home the bacon at glove manufacturers 4. Infrastructural bottle necks and Labor Shortages Supply of Malaysias Natural Gas is reached its maximum point to the Glove industries and tender allocations are expected to come, any delay in new allocation go away become a huge riddle for Glove Industries for that they have to use option fuel for production with higher cost (Michelle Foong, 2012)5.0 FINANCIAL abbreviation5.1 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR TOP GLOVE CORPORATION BERHARD5.3 PROFITABLITY favorableness ratios shows that benefit earning capacity of a business for the sake of clear understanding gainfulness ratios frameified into two categories general favorableness ratios and overall flexure a addition cleverness ratios, The thoroughgoing(a) net income adjustment ratio (or gross moulding ratio) provides clues to the com panys pricing, cost body structure and production efficiency. A low profit margin ratio indicates that low sum of money of moolah, required to pay off fixed costs and profits are generated from revenues. (Thukaram, 2007). Top Glove Corporation gross profit margin has been increased as compare with the profit ratio in 2011 and 2012, 2011 it was 11.44% in 2012 its 16.63 same goes for net profit margin, but with less expenses. Top glove Corporation profit earning capacity has been increased impressively lucrativeness20122011Gross profit margin meshing profit MarginExpenses margin16,63 9,87 = 6.76%11,44 6,57 = 4.87%5.4 liquidLiquidity ratios provides information on the time structure of debt and the unanimouss ability to meet its short term pledge Current ratio is balance-sheet financial feat measure of company liquidity. Current ratio indicates a companys ability to meet short-term debt obligations. The received ratio measures whether or not a firm has enough resources to pay its debts over the adjacent 12 months. Quick ratio is viewed as a sign of a companys financial strength or weakness it gives information about a companys short term liquidity. The ratio tells creditors how much of the companys short term debt can be met by selling all the companys liquid additions at very short notice. (Emilio Colombo, 2006).Liquidity ratios shows ability of the company to pay back its debts which top glove has changefrom 3.121 to 2.951 in 2012 liquidity20122011Current ratioQuick proportion5.5 EFFICIENCYEfficiency ratios measure how expeditiously a firm uses its resources. The average disposition period shows the average number of long time it takes your business to collect payment for gross revenue to customers on credit, The accounts payable perturbation ratio shows how quickly your business pays its bills and how often payables turn over during the year. Trends in the accounts payable overturn ratio demonstrates how your business handles its outgoing payme nts and can help you assess the cash slur of your business. This efficiency ratios shows that top glove fixed asset turnover has been increased from 2.9 in 2011 to 2.93% in 2012 debtors prayer time has also slight more efficient compared to 2011 it was 47 long time in 2012 it is 46 old age meanwhile creditor payment is facing more delays compared to previous year which was 39days in 2011 turn into 44days in 2012 (Emilio Colombo, 2006)EFFICIENCY20122011Fixed asset turnoverDebtors collectionCreditor payment declination Turnover5.6 CAPITAL STRUCTURECapital social structure is a mix of a companys long term debt, specific short-term debt, and common fairness and preferred equity. The capital Structure is how afirm finances its overall operations and growth by using diverse sources of funds. The stakes do byage ratio indicates the extent of which dough are available to meet interest payments. A interest cover ratio intend less earnings are available to meet interest payments and that the business is more vulnerable to increases in interest rates.Capital Structure20122011 by-line CoverGearing ratioINVESTORS monetary ratios are apply to analyze company performance, Return of equities investors is much greater than that use to debentures may be because this investment class have a huge risk, and popular shareholder are the best group of investors for an organizations. The Price earning ratio for an organization is used to compare the financial position of a company compare to other organizations, this means the better financial position of a company is according to PE proportionalitys the lower risks is for its investors and shareholders. Organizations which want to expand their dividends will seek to over a large amount of their earnings whereas organizations which have high cash holdings are able to pay higher dividends if they appetency to, the relation between dividends and earnings are calculated by dividend cover (Woods, 1999).Investors2012RM0002011 RM000ROCE roeEPS0,32770,1829Earning YieldDividend PayoutDividend Retention1 0,478 = 0,521 0,59 = 0,416.0 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR HARTALEGA HOLDINGS BERHAD6.1 PROFITABLITYThese figures shows that Hartalegas gross profit margin was 37.15% In 2011and it is fall in 2012 to 31.85%, simoleons profit margin is also rock-bottom in 27.9% 2012 which was 33.4% in 2011 it tell that company is underperforming compared to last years performance. But expenses are reduced from 4.75% to 3.95%Profitability20122011Gross profitNet Profit MarginExpenses Margin31,85 27,9 = 3.95%37,15 32.4 = 4.75%6.2 liquid stateThis Table shows Liquidity of Hartalega Company their ability to pay their debts is Increased compared to 2011 which was 3.631 at one time increased to 4.421 in current ratio. If we measure that in quick ratio it also shows anIncrease from 2.811 to 328Liquidity20122011Current ratioQuick Ratio6.3 EFFICIENCYThis table shows The Figures how Efficiently hartalega corporation is using their re sources in 2011 their fixed asset turnover was 2.11 which is increased to 2.45% it tells us that and debtors collection period is decreased from 50 days to 46 days so they are collecting their debts former compared to previous year and creditor period in also decreased from 45 days to 35 days they are able to pay back their Creditors earlier than 2011 and extend turnover is also increased from 51 days to 56 days. This table tells us that hartalega is using their resources very efficientlyEfficiency20122011Fixed asset turnoverDebtors collection periodCreditor paymentStock turnover6.4 CAPITAL STRUCTURECapital Structure20122011Interest CoverGearing RatioINVESTORSInvestors20122011ROCEROEEPS0,2765 pence0,2618 penceEarning YieldDividend PayoutDividend Retention1 0,43 = 0,571 0,29 = 0,717.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONSRubber Glove industry has huge demand in market and in future it will be demanded even more Developed Countries and developing countries are very concerned to use Hyge nic products in their medical sectors and so their medical care expenditures will be increasing the demand for Gloves will also be increasing. As For Under developed Countries If there is a hope for them to Increase their miserliness and they will also be concerned to use hygienic products like other Developed Countries demand for the Rubber Gloves will go even higher. Malaysia has dominated the Rubber Glove Industry and Is the King of rubber gloves. Top Rubber and latex gloves manufacturing companies are In Malaysia So there is a lot more competition with in Malaysia on this Business and all the companies are trying to improve their capacity top Glove Manufacturing companies In Malaysia are Top Glove and Hartalega which are performing super well in this business and their products are demanding all over the world.Malaysian Organizations are the largest world exports of rubber gloves industry where as other countries like Thailand have no Competition with Malaysian Industries the Biggest Strength of Malaysian industries are their labor production each worker in the rubber glove industry are three propagation more productive than Thailand and Indonesian workers. So there is Nothing to worry about at the moment that some farming Might take over their market. in that location are few things Which has to be considered are political relations with other countries, Thailand supplies 50% of Raw Material to make gloves to Malaysia. any(prenominal) Political Issue can cause a lot of problems to the Rubber Glove manufactures.BibliographyBusinessweek, 2013. http//investing.businessweek.com. Online Available at http//investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/ shot/snapshot.asp?ticker=HARTMK Accessed 7 July 2013. Emilio Colombo, L.S., 2006. character to economics. In M.B. Werner A Muller, ed. Financial Market Imperfections and Corporate Decisions. New york Physica-Verlag. p.174. EMIS, 2013. http//www.securities.com. Online Available at http//www.securities.com/Pub lic/company-profile/MY/Top_Glove_Corporation_Bhd_en_1663501.html Accessed 7 July 2013. Haralega, 2012. Unlocking Potential. Annual Report. Kuala Lumpur Haralega Holdings Berhad. Hartalega Holding Berhad, 2012. Unlocking Potential. Annual report. Kuala Lumpur Hartalega Holdings Hartalega Holdings. Hartalega, 2013. Hartalega.com. Online Available at http//hartalega.com.my. Accessed 7 July 2013. Koncept Analysis, 2012. http//www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2097332/global_rubber_gloves_market_an_analysis_2012. Online Koncept Analsysis Available at http//www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2097332/global_rubber_gloves_market_an_analysis_2012 Accessed 8 July 2013. lee, J., 2012. Malaysia Equity. Investment research daily, 1, p.23. Michelle Foong, 2012. Rubber Gloves Gloving the world. Research. Global Market Research Companies. Thukaram, R.M., 2007. forethought Accounting. In Management Accounting. 1st ed. New Delhi New climb on International(P) Limited Publishers. p.588. Top Glove